"Hope Was Restored"

Purple Violet New Brunswick Chickadee.png

Black-capped Chickadee New Brunswick Balsa Fir.png

Balsa Fir

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NEW BRUNSWICK FACTS[1]

New Brunswick is one of the four Atlantic Provinces in Canada.
- North: Quebec's Gaspé Peninsula
- West: State of Maine
- It is the third smallest province.
- The province is named for the British royal family of Brunswick-Lüneburg.
- It is called the “Loyalist Province”.
- New Brunswick is Canada's only officially bilingual province.
- New Brunswick consists of a mainland and many islands.
- Fredericton is the capital city.
- Saint John is the largest city.
- Symbols:
  - Flower - Purple Violet
  - Tree - Balsam Fir
  - Bird - Black-capped Chickadee
  - Motto - "Hope was restored."

PEOPLE

The population of New Brunswick was 729,997 in 2006.
The population of New Brunswick was 753,200 in 2011.
The oldest city is Saint John.
Moncton is the largest city. (February 2011)
Fredericton, the provincial capital is the third largest city.
Many people are of French, British, Scottish and Irish origin.
Over 32% of the population speaks French.
Other groups include native people, Germans, Dutch, Scandinavians, Italians and Asians.

CLIMATE

The northern half of the province has cold winters and warm summers.
Areas near the sea have milder winters and slightly cooler summers.
Moist air from the Atlantic Ocean produces mild weather in the winter and cool summers.
Winter storms bring rain to the Bay of Fundy coast and snow to the interior.
It is often foggy in the spring and early summer along the Bay of Fundy.

HISTORY

The first people to live in N.B. include the Micmac and Malecite.
The Micmac and Malecite hunted and fished and were guides for the French explorers.
The French mariner Jacques Cartier visited the east coast in 1534.
In 1604, Samuel de Champlain and the French established the first settlement.
The French called the east coast area Acadia.
By 1608, French settlers called Acadians were farming around the Bay of Fundy.
Acadia became an English colony in 1713.
Some of the people would not swear loyalty to England. Their homes were burned and they were sent away. Some went to Louisiana in the United States.
American settlers founded the city of Saint John (oldest city in Canada).
In 1784 the north section of the colony became the new colony of New Brunswick.
The lumbering industry grew. Shipbuilding was a big industry.
The ships carried masts and other wood products around the world.
Thousands came from Ireland after 1846 to work in the lumber industry or to farm.
On July 1, 1867 New Brunswick became one of the first four provinces of Canada.

WATER AND LAND

More than half of the province is surrounded by water.
East: The east coast faces the Gulf of St. Lawrence and Northumberland Strait.
South: The Bay of Fundy is along the south coast.
Many bays and inlets along the coasts provide safe harbors for boats.
There are many rivers in the province.
The longest river is the Saint John River (670 km. long).
The Bay of Fundy between N.B. and Nova Scotia has the world's highest tides (over 15 meters high).
Forests (mainly black spruce and fir) cover about 85% of N.B.
The Appalachian Mountains run along the western edge of the province.

RESOURCES/INDUSTRY

Mining: New Brunswick is the main producer of lead, zinc, copper and bismuth in Canada.
- Gypsum, potash, antimony, silver, gold, natural gas and oil are also mined.
- Fishing: There are fishing ports where more than fifty kinds of fish and shellfish are caught, including:
  - Scallops, shrimp, herring, lobsters, snow crabs, mussels, and oysters.
  - Lobster is the most valuable catch.
  - Crab is second.
  - Aquaculture farms harvest salmon, trout, arctic char, oysters and mussels.
  - Timber: The main industry of New Brunswick is forestry.
    - Paper, newspaper, magazines, tissue, wooden doors and windows are made.
    - Farming: There are livestock, dairy, poultry, potato and berry farms.
      - The main crop is potatoes.
      - The Saint John River Valley is called the "Potato Belt."
      - Apples, blueberries, strawberries, and cranberries are also grown.
      - Fiddleheads, sprouts of the ostrich fern, are gathered in early spring for eating.

PEOPLE

"Stompin’ Tom" Conners, a well-known folksinger, was born in St. John in 1936
R. Foulis invented the first steam foghorn (1860).
Romeo LeBlanc was the first Acadian to become a Governor-General of Canada.
Roch Voisine, songwriter and singer, won a Juno Award in 1993
Bliss Carmen (1861-1929) was one of Canada's best-known poets.
Sir Charles G.D. Roberts (1860-1943) was known as the Father of Canadian Poetry.
Donald Sutherland (1934- ) is a famous Hollywood actor.
The McCain Brothers established McCain Foods in 1957. The company is the largest producer of French Fries and other frozen food in the world.

PLACES

Hartland Bridge is the world's longest covered bridge.
Sixty-two covered bridges remain in the province.
Confederation Bridge is the longest bridge in the world crossing ice-covered water. It is 18 miles long and connects New Brunswick to Prince Edward Island.
Magnetic Hill in Moncton is a type of optical illusion.
At Reversing Falls on St. John River, the water rushes uphill against the normal flow of the falls.
Bay of Fundy is the place for whale watching (Finbacks, Humpbacks, Pilot whales and the rare Right whale).
Rocks Provincial Park (Bay of Fundy) has strange-shaped rocks called Flowerpot Rocks rising out of the sea
There are more than 48 lighthouses, including those inland on the rivers.